In the world of software development, coding bugs can be a developer's worst nightmare. Understanding and addressing these issues is essential for creating robust applications. Here are the top 5 common coding bugs that developers encounter:

1. Syntax Errors: These are the most basic types of bugs, where incorrect code structure prevents the program from running.
2. Null Pointer Exceptions: This occurs when code attempts to access an object or a variable that hasn't been defined, leading to unexpected crashes.
3. Off-by-One Errors: A frequent error in loops and array indexing, this happens when a loop runs one iteration too many or too few.
4. Logic Errors: These bugs don’t prevent the program from running but lead to incorrect outcomes due to flawed logic.
5. Resource Leaks: This occurs when a program fails to release resources, leading to performance issues or crashes.

Fixing these bugs requires a mix of strategy and skill. For syntax errors, thorough code reviews and using code linters can prevent and catch issues early. Null Pointer Exceptions can be rectified by implementing proper null checks and handling conditions that may not initialize variables. To address off-by-one errors, double-checking loop boundaries and test scenarios can help identify potential pitfalls. For logic errors, writing unit tests that validate the expected outcomes can reveal flaws in the code’s decision-making process. Finally, to combat resource leaks, ensure that all resources are properly closed or released after use, which can be automated through using constructs like 'try-with-resources' in languages like Java.

Debugging is an essential skill every developer should master to enhance the quality of their code. One of the most effective debugging techniques is the use of print statements. By incorporating print statements at critical points in your code, you can monitor the flow of execution and examine variable values in real-time. This technique is particularly valuable in understanding complex algorithms or identifying where unexpected behavior occurs.

Another pivotal debugging technique is utilizing a debugger. Most modern integrated development environments (IDEs) come equipped with powerful debugging tools that allow developers to set breakpoints, step through code execution, and inspect variable states at any moment. Mastering these tools can significantly reduce the time spent troubleshooting errors and enhance overall productivity. Remember, effective debugging is not just about finding and fixing bugs; it's about understanding your code better to prevent future issues.

Debugging is often seen as both an art and a science, each aspect playing a crucial role in the overall process. The science of debugging involves following systematic methods and using logical reasoning to identify and fix errors within the code. This includes utilizing debugging tools and techniques like breakpoints, stack traces, and profilers to analyze the behavior of a program. For developers, mastering these scientific techniques can significantly enhance their efficiency in troubleshooting and resolving issues.

On the other hand, the art of debugging lies in the intuition and creativity that a developer brings to the table. It's not just about following steps; it’s about understanding the context of the problem and the intricacies of the codebase. Experienced developers often rely on their past experiences and patterns they've recognized in order to quickly identify potential flaws. This blend of art and science is what makes debugging a uniquely challenging and rewarding endeavor in the field of software development.